Das past perfect im Englischen entspricht dem Plusquamperfekt im Deutschen und ist die sogenannte Vorvergangenheit oder auch vollendete Vergangenheit. Es ist eine Art grammatikalische Zeitform, die sich auf eine Handlung bezieht, die irgendwann in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden hat oder auf eine Handlung, die vor einer anderen Handlung in der Vergangenheit liegt.
Beispiel im Englischen: "We had met", "they had spoken".
Es kann zur Beschreibung von Ereignissen verwendet werden, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit stattfanden.
Das past perfect
Das "past perfect" entspricht dem Plusquamperfekt des Indikativs.
Wir verwenden das past perfect wie folgt:
1 Bezieht sich auf eine Handlung oder einen Zustand, der in der Vergangenheit begann und vor einer anderen Handlung liegt, die ebenfalls in der Vergangenheit liegt.
He came when I had left.
Er kam, als ich schon gegangen war (mein Weggehen geht seiner Ankunft voraus).
2 Bei Handlungen, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden haben.
By midnight more than 1000 soldiers had died.
Bis Mitternacht waren mehr als 1000 Soldaten gestorben (Handlung vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt).
He hadn't been in London before 2008.
Er war vor 2008 noch nie in London gewesen (Zustand vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt).
3 Es wird für die indirekte Rede Se usa para el estilo indirecto o ("indirect speech") verwendet, um auszudrücken, dass jemand etwas gesagt hat, wenn diese Person das present perfect verwendet hat.
'I have finished' 'He said he had finished'.
'Ich bin fertig geworden' 'Er sagte, er sei fertig geworden'
4 Bei Bedingungssätzen
If you'd told me before, I would have gone with you
Hättest du mir das vorher gesagt, wäre ich mit dir gegangen
Bildung des past perfect
Bejahend
Subjekt + had + past participle + ...
| Langform | Kurzform |
|---|---|
| I had worked | I'd worked |
| You had worked | You'd worked |
| He had worked | He'd worked |
| She had worked | She'd worked |
| It had worked | It'd worked |
| We had worked | We'd worked |
| You had worked | You'd worked |
| They had worked | They'd worked |
Beispiele
| I had fallen asleep when the telephone rang | Ich war eingeschlafen, als das Telefon klingelte |
| The policemen arrived because there had been an explosion | Die Polizisten kamen, weil es eine Explosion gegeben hatte. |
Verneinung
Die Verneinung hat zwei Formen:
| Langform | Subjekt + had + not + past participle + ... |
| Kurzform | Subjekt + hadn't + past participle + ... |
| Subjekt + 'd not + past participle + ... |
| Langform | Kurzform | |
|---|---|---|
| I had not worked | I hadn't worked | I'd not worked |
| You had not worked | You hadn't worked | You'd not worked |
| He had not worked | He hadn't worked | He'd not worked |
| She had not worked | She hadn't worked | She'd not worked |
| It had not worked | It hadn't worked | It'd not worked |
| We had not worked | We hadn't worked | We'd not worked |
| You had not worked | You hadn't worked | You'd not worked |
| They had not worked | They hadn't worked | They'd not worked |
Beispiele
| She hadn't left when I arrived at the party | Sie war noch nicht gegangen, als ich auf der Party ankam |
| If you hadn't studied for the exam you would have failed | Wenn du nicht für die Prüfung gelernt hättest, wärst du durchgefallen |
Fragesatz
Der Fragesatz wird wie folgt gebildet:
Bejahend
Had + Subjekt + past participle + ...?
Verneinung
| Had + Subjekt + not + past participle + ...? |
| Hadn't + Subjekt + past participle + ...? |
| Bejahend | Verneinung | |
|---|---|---|
| Had I worked? | Had I not worked? | Hadn't I worked? |
| Had you worked? | Had you not worked? | Hadn't you worked? |
| Had he worked? | Had he not worked? | Hadn't he worked? |
| Had she worked? | Had she not worked? | Hadn't she worked? |
| Had it worked/gone? | Had it not worked? | Hadn't it worked? |
| Had we worked? | Had we not worked? | Hadn't we worked? |
| Had you worked? | Had you not worked? | Hadn't you worked? |
| Had they worked? | Had they not worked? | Hadn't they worked? |
Beispiele
| Hadn't he phoned when the policeman arrived? | Hatte er nicht angerufen, als der Polizist kam? |
|---|---|
| Had you paid the bill when the waiter came? | Hattest du die Rechnung bezahlt, als der Kellner kam? |
| What had you done before you left? | Was hast du getan, bevor du gegangen bist? |
| Had they not resolved their problems before the divorce? | Hatten sie ihre Probleme nicht vor der Scheidung gelöst? |
Aufgaben
Setze das Verb in die entsprechende Form des past perfect.
I told her that I (not / go) to the cinema.
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
She thought that she already (send) him an e-mail.
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
(You / meet) her before?
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
My wife (not / sleep) the night before our wedding.
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
(They / not /decide) to leave?
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
(She / leave ) the books on the table?
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
I wondered if she (make) that delicious chocolate cake.
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
My sister was sad because her husband (not / buy) her any wedding anniversary gift.
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
(She / not / understand) our questions?
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
She would have married you if you (ask) her.
Dieses Feld ist erforderlich.
Du findest diesen Artikel toll? Vergib eine Note!
Loading...
